abstract：:Worldwide, 1-4 per 1,000 births are affected by clubfoot. Clubfoot etiology is unclear, but both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved. Low folate status in pregnant women has been implicated in several congenital malformations, and folate metabolism may be affected by polymorphisms in the methy...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Sharp L,Miedzybrodzka Z,Cardy AH,Inglis J,Madrigal L,Barker S,Chesney D,Clark C,Maffulli N

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This retrospective cohort study evaluated adverse birth outcomes in infants whose birth records indicated maternal residence in villages containing dumpsites potentially hazardous to health and environment. Birth records from 1997 to 2001 identified 10,073 eligible infants born to mothers in 197 Alaska Native villages...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Gilbreath S,Kass PH

更新日期：2006-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Ambient levels of particulate matter have been linked to cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms mediating these associations are poorly understood. One candidate mechanism is inflammation. Using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000-2002), the authors investigated the relation between exposure to p...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Diez Roux AV,Auchincloss AH,Astor B,Barr RG,Cushman M,Dvonch T,Jacobs DR Jr,Kaufman J,Lin X,Samson P

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Production of synthetic rubber involves exposure to several potentially harmful chemicals. The authors carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of workers in the rubber-producing industry. Data were obtained from computerized literature searches of several databases from their inception thro...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Alder N,Fenty J,Warren F,Sutton AJ,Rushton L,Jones DR,Abrams KR

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors used a population-based birth cohort of 3,253 children (52% males) born in Brisbane, Australia, between 1981 and 1984 to prospectively examine whether maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with offspring overweight and obesity. The authors compared mean body mass indexes (weight (kg)/height (m)2...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Al Mamun A,Lawlor DA,Alati R,O'Callaghan MJ,Williams GM,Najman JM

更新日期：2006-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The association between birth weight and mortality is among the strongest seen in epidemiology. While preterm delivery causes both small babies and high mortality, it does not explain this association. Fetal growth restriction has also been proposed, although its features are unclear because it lacks a definition inde...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Basso O,Wilcox AJ,Weinberg CR

更新日期：2006-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Elevated blood pressure is an important public health problem in midlife women, especially among minority groups. Few studies have examined the impact of perceived unfair treatment due to different factors such as racism, sexism, or ageism on blood pressure. By use of a racially/ethnically diverse community sample of ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Brown C,Matthews KA,Bromberger JT,Chang Y

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that a G-to-T transition in exon 2 of the factor XIIIA gene resulting in a substitution of leucine for valine at amino acid 34 (FXIII Val34Leu) protects against venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the evidence to date is insufficient to incorporate testing for the FXIII Val34Leu variant into c...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Wells PS,Anderson JL,Scarvelis DK,Doucette SP,Gagnon F

更新日期：2006-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This study prospectively examined the association between shift work and the risk of ischemic heart disease among Japanese male workers. A baseline survey, which involved 110,792 inhabitants (age range: 40-79 years) from 45 areas throughout Japan, was conducted between 1988 and 1990. The causes of death were identifie...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Fujino Y,Iso H,Tamakoshi A,Inaba Y,Koizumi A,Kubo T,Yoshimura T,Japanese Collaborative Cohort Study Group.

更新日期：2006-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies investigating antenatal caffeine consumption and reproductive outcomes show conflicting results, and most studies have used maternal self-reported caffeine consumption to estimate fetal exposure. This study (n=1,606) was specifically designed to test the association of caffeine and its primary metabolites in u...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Grosso LM,Triche EW,Belanger K,Benowitz NL,Holford TR,Bracken MB

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With the growing number of epidemiologic publications on the relation between dietary factors and cancer risk, pooled analyses that summarize results from multiple studies are becoming more common. Here, the authors describe the methods being used to summarize data on diet-cancer associations within the ongoing Poolin...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Smith-Warner SA,Spiegelman D,Ritz J,Albanes D,Beeson WL,Bernstein L,Berrino F,van den Brandt PA,Buring JE,Cho E,Colditz GA,Folsom AR,Freudenheim JL,Giovannucci E,Goldbohm RA,Graham S,Harnack L,Horn-Ross PL,Krogh V,L

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, the focus of research on cardiovascular risk factors has broadened because of new data demonstrating benefits of low risk (i.e., favorable) levels of all major modifiable risk factors. Most data on low risk relate to coronary heart disease, not stroke. This population-based, 12-sample, Italian study (Progett...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Giampaoli S,Palmieri L,Panico S,Vanuzzo D,Ferrario M,Chiodini P,Pilotto L,Donfrancesco C,Cesana G,Sega R,Stamler J

更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Factors that influence circulating sex hormones, such as physical activity, have been proposed to influence ovarian cancer risk; however, results from previous epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent. The authors examined the association among physical activity, sedentary behavior, and ovarian cancer risk in the ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Patel AV,Rodriguez C,Pavluck AL,Thun MJ,Calle EE

更新日期：2006-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors examined whether a serum pepsinogen test (SPT) based on the combination of the serum pepsinogen I level and pepsinogen I/II ratio is a good predictor of gastric cancer occurrence in a general Japanese population. A total of 2,446 subjects aged > or =40 years were classified into negative, positive, and str...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Oishi Y,Kiyohara Y,Kubo M,Tanaka K,Tanizaki Y,Ninomiya T,Doi Y,Shikata K,Yonemoto K,Shirota T,Matsumoto T,Iida M

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Circumstances in which both randomized controlled trial and observational study data are available provide an important opportunity to identify biases and improve study design and analysis procedures. In addition, joint analyses of data from the two sources can extend clinical trial findings. The US Women's Health Ini...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Prentice RL,Langer RD,Stefanick ML,Howard BV,Pettinger M,Anderson GL,Barad D,Curb JD,Kotchen J,Kuller L,Limacher M,Wactawski-Wende J,Women's Health Initiative Investigators.

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Second malignancies in women diagnosed with thyroid cancer are of concern given the young average age at diagnosis and excellent survival. Data from the California Cancer Registry were used to evaluate the risk of second primary cancers among a retrospective population-based cohort of 10,932 women diagnosed with papil...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Canchola AJ,Horn-Ross PL,Purdie DM

更新日期：2006-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This study assessed the association between longitudinal patterns of illicit drug use and clinical progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Confidential computer-based interviews, which addressed illicit drug use and other factors, were completed by HIV-infected participants in Baltimore, Maryland, a...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Lucas GM,Griswold M,Gebo KA,Keruly J,Chaisson RE,Moore RD

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intraabdominal fat (IAF) area is often measured indirectly in epidemiologic studies. The authors recruited 147 participants from the second examination (1990-1992) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study to examine IAF area and determine whether there were differences in IAF area and distribution by location....

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Warren M,Schreiner PJ,Terry JG

更新日期：2006-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Gender and cigarette smoking are among the most consistent predictors of bladder cancer risk. After adjustment for known risk factors, an excess risk remains for males, suggesting that other factors may be responsible for the gender differences. Given limited data on hormonal or reproductive factors and bladder cancer...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： McGrath M,Michaud DS,De Vivo I

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin C has been the focus of epidemiologic investigation in preterm delivery (<37 weeks' gestation), which is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and birth-related morbidity. There are two sodium-dependent membrane transporters encoded by SLC23A1 and SLC23A2, which have key roles in human vitamin C metabolism and...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Erichsen HC,Engel SA,Eck PK,Welch R,Yeager M,Levine M,Siega-Riz AM,Olshan AF,Chanock SJ

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many epidemiologists have agreed that a refined estimate of the incubation period of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) would need a sample size of about 200 cases and appropriate statistical methods enabling the inclusion of cases with defined periods of exposure. However, no such studies have been reported so ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Cai QC,Xu QF,Xu JM,Guo Q,Cheng X,Zhao GM,Sun QW,Lu J,Jiang QW

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was designed to compare estimates from two quasi-induced exposure methods of the effects of driver- and vehicle-related conditions on the risk of causing a road crash for drivers of vehicles with four or more wheels. From the Spanish register of road crashes with victims, the authors selected, for 1993-2002...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Lardelli-Claret P,Jiménez-Moleón JJ,Luna-del-Castillo Jde D,García-Martín M,Moreno-Abril O,Bueno-Cavanillas A

更新日期：2006-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) concentration, within its normal range, has recently been proposed as a reliable marker of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a central pathogenic role in many metabolic and/or cardiovascular diseases, incidences of which have recently increased in South Korea. Since serum G...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Lee DH,Ha MH,Kam S,Chun B,Lee J,Song K,Boo Y,Steffen L,Jacobs DR Jr

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is much more common in Asian countries than in Western countries. However, since the 1980s, nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence has fallen among both men and women in Hong Kong, and recently a similar trend has also been noted in Singapore. Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and En...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Sun LM,Epplein M,Li CI,Vaughan TL,Weiss NS

更新日期：2005-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors conducted a population-based case-control study of 1,030 cases with histologically confirmed, incident non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 3,106 controls to assess the impact of recreational physical activity, obesity, and energy intake on NHL risk in Canada from 1994 to 1997. Compared with those for subjects...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Pan SY,Mao Y,Ugnat AM,Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group.

更新日期：2005-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Although a number of predictors of adherence to mammography screening guidelines have been identified using traditional statistical methods, many women are not screening according to these guidelines. Recursive partitioning may aid in developing novel intervention strategies to promote this screening behavior by ident...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Calvocoressi L,Stolar M,Kasl SV,Claus EB,Jones BA

更新日期：2005-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors modeled the possible consequences for US cataract incidence of increases in ultraviolet B radiation due to ozone depletion. Data on the dose-response relation between ocular exposure to ultraviolet B radiation and cortical cataract were derived from a population-based study (the Salisbury Eye Evaluation Pr...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： West SK,Longstreth JD,Munoz BE,Pitcher HM,Duncan DD

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Simulation studies using susceptible-infectious-recovered models were conducted to estimate individuals' risk of infection and time to infection in small-world and randomly mixing networks. Infection transmitted more rapidly but ultimately resulted in fewer infected individuals in the small-world, compared with the ra...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Christley RM,Pinchbeck GL,Bowers RG,Clancy D,French NP,Bennett R,Turner J

更新日期：2005-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:From 1996 to 2001, the authors undertook a case-control study of 192 pelvis fracture cases (men and women) and 2,402 controls aged > or = 45 years at five Kaiser Permanente medical centers in Northern California. Most information on potential risk factors was obtained by means of an interviewer-administered questionna...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Kelsey JL,Prill MM,Keegan TH,Quesenberry CP Jr,Sidney S

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Finland since the 1980s, coronary heart disease mortality has declined more than might be predicted by risk factor reductions alone. The aim of this study was to assess how much of the decline could be attributed to improved treatments and risk factor reductions. The authors used the cell-based IMPACT mortality mod...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Laatikainen T,Critchley J,Vartiainen E,Salomaa V,Ketonen M,Capewell S

更新日期：2005-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the association between male occupational exposures and infertility. A retrospective case-control study was performed using data collected between 1991 and 1997 at nine US clinical sites as part of a previously conducted large multicenter trial. Cases were defined as infertil...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Gracia CR,Sammel MD,Coutifaris C,Guzick DS,Barnhart KT

更新日期：2005-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In a multicenter study, the overall correlation between two variables can be broken down into a within- and a between-group correlation reflecting associations at the individual and aggregate levels, respectively. A random-effects model is used to estimate variance components of nutrition-related variables and the wit...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Ferrari P,Al-Delaimy WK,Slimani N,Boshuizen HC,Roddam A,Orfanos P,Skeie G,Rodríguez-Barranco M,Thiebaut A,Johansson G,Palli D,Boeing H,Overvad K,Riboli E

更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Observational studies suggest a longer duration of breastfeeding to be associated dose dependently with a decrease in risk of overweight in later life. The authors performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of the existing studies on duration of breastfeeding and risk of overweight. Studies were included that reported th...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Harder T,Bergmann R,Kallischnigg G,Plagemann A

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To understand whether neighborhood contexts contribute to the onset or maintenance of mental health problems independently of individual characteristics requires the use of multilevel study designs and analytical strategies. This study used a multilevel analytical framework to examine the relation between neighborhood...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Kubzansky LD,Subramanian SV,Kawachi I,Fay ME,Soobader MJ,Berkman LF

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leptin is an important regulator of the mass of adipose tissue and of body weight; it operates by inhibiting food intake and stimulating energy expenditure. Some polymorphic genes involved in the regulation of leptin-the leptin gene (LEP A19G), the leptin receptor gene (LEPR Q223R, K109R, and K656N), and the peroxisom...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Paracchini V,Pedotti P,Taioli E

更新日期：2005-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Time-series studies have linked daily variations in nonaccidental deaths with daily variations in ambient particulate matter air pollution, while controlling for qualitatively larger influences of weather and season. Although time-series analyses typically include nonlinear terms for weather and season, questions rema...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Welty LJ,Zeger SL

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Iron and lipids combine to create oxidative stress, and oxidative stress has a role in the development of cancer. The objective was to determine the risk of cancer among persons who had both elevated iron and lipids. The authors conducted an analysis of the cohort available in the Framingham Offspring Study. Adults ag...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Mainous AG 3rd,Wells BJ,Koopman RJ,Everett CJ,Gill JM

更新日期：2005-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been shown to be effective in different populations, but data among injection drug users are limited. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected injection drug users recruited into the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Link to Intravenous Experiences (ALIVE) Study as early ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Vlahov D,Galai N,Safaeian M,Galea S,Kirk GD,Lucas GM,Sterling TR

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measures of various types of social contacts were used as predictors of ischemic heart disease events and total mortality in an age-stratified random sample of 9,573 adults enrolled in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (Copenhagen, Denmark). Baseline examinations were conducted in 1991-1994, and participants were follow...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Barefoot JC,Grønbaek M,Jensen G,Schnohr P,Prescott E

更新日期：2005-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Researchers have failed to find a consistent association between childhood victimization and vulvodynia, a debilitating, unexplained vulvar pain condition. However, selection bias associated with case ascertainment, and differential reporting bias between clinic-based cases and controls, may explain in part the incons...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Harlow BL,Stewart EG

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00